说到珠子总是有兴趣的，看看西方的高古珠子……

This unusual bead presents a trailed decoration on translucent turquoise glass reminiscent of the iconography of the Egyptian snake god Apophis. The center decoration consists of an opaque red trail coiled 22 times over a yellow background. The shape of these coils is typical of friezes portraying Apophis. Along the sides of that center motif, stretches an undulating trail of spiral cane in hues that now look dark brown and salmon. Once the decoration was applied, the bead was shaped by marvering (grinding?) into a dodecahedron. Probably Egypt, period undetermined.

Dating:  1500 BC–1000 AD  
Origin:  Egypt
Material:  Glass (all types)
Physical:  2.7cm. (1.1 in.) - 19 g. (.7 oz.)
Catalog:  GLS.VS.00247

 
Egypt1500BC–1000

还是继续埃及

还是说珠子的资料

Amulet

Amulets are objects generally kept on the person that are believed to confer some benefit to the wearer. While turn of the century archeologist Flinders Petrie (1914) enraged that “the belief in the magic effect of inanimate objects on the course of events is one of the lower stages of the human mind in seeking for principles of natural action. . .”, he had to concede that the use of amulets, talismans, and charms is very ingrained in many cultures to the present day. Many of us use lucky pens and wear religious medals without believing literally in their powers to affect our lives. But we still use them. They help us muster the confidence we need in times of self doubt. They empower us to dare, to believe in ourselves, to heal ourselves. Egyptians may have felt the same way. They used amulets on themselves and on their dead. Egyptians also seem to have had a passion for jewelry, and amulets were a good excuse to wear more jewelry.

Dating:  1069 BC–664 BC
Origin:  Egypt, Lower Egypt
Material:  Faience (all types)
Physical:  72cm. (28.1 in.) - 12 g. (.4 oz.)

 
FAI.VL.00233.03-ZXL

Necklace

Dating:  1085 BC–945 BC
Origin:  Egypt, Upper Egypt, Thebes
Material:  Faience (all types)
Physical:  30cm. (11.7 in.)

 
FAI.XL.00349.02-ZXL

Glass Beads

Dating:  664 BC–525 BC
Origin:  Egypt,  
Material:  Glass (all types)
Physical:  2.2cm. (.9 in.) - 2.5 g. (.1 oz.)


GLS.VS.00249.02-ZXL

Finger ring

Dating:  1370 BC–1320 BC
Origin:  Egypt, Middle Egypt, El-Amarna `Akhetaten`
Material:  Faience (all types)
Physical:  2.2cm. (.9 in.) - 1 g. (0 oz.)

 

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理论上讲　
这样的形制和表面老化都是东罗马帝国时期和西亚萨珊王朝的作品
时间跨度相当于我们的东汉末到南北朝和隋最迟唐早期
不过＜魏书＞有载
＂世祖时，其国（大月氏）人商贩京师，自云能铸石为五色琉璃。于是采矿山中，于京师铸之。既成，光泽乃美于西方来者。乃诏为行殿，容百余人，光色映彻，观者见之，莫不惊骇，以为神明所作。自此中国琉璃遂贱，人不复珍之。＂

可见当时在平城（现山西大同）有月氏工匠的琉璃作坊
所以这些东西也可能是外来技艺在本土生产的

以下是２到７世纪之间的西亚和东罗马帝国版图的作品

这是我收集到的西亚琉璃坠
我判断它为萨珊时期的作品也是根据其工艺特征和表面老化与标准器的对比

最下图是国外馆藏　比较明显的萨珊风格和工艺

刚看到兄转来国内学者与外国学者关于中国古代琉璃的看法
其实　说中原琉璃多是装饰品并不太错（我这么认为）
古代中国一直是陶瓷的传统　基本可以解决日常容器的材料
正如专家所说　中原琉璃属于铅钡系统
而这种结构的琉璃制品是易碎而又不耐高温的
这就是中国古代琉璃多为美丽装饰而非实用器的原因

其实这样的争论没有什么意义
强大的民族都是在对外部的挑战和应战中成长起来的
中原有自己无数的优秀工艺　
比如瓷器生产占领西方市场上千年却对西方产品所需很少
清代就因为瓷器和茶叶成为世界上最大的贸易顺差国
以致于最后西方以联军方式大炮轰开国门

其实最早对战国琉璃做出成分分析并提出中原琉璃属本土工艺的是外国人
我希望自己也是以尽可能客观的态度来学习和认识历史
琉璃工艺是我感兴趣的主题

对了　我一直对这样的形制很好奇
也是罗马时期的作品
这究竟是干什么的
如知情或有资料就最好


还有一个类似的
不过这个年龄小一些